What is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a lifelong learning difference that affects how the brain processes language, particularly in reading, spelling, and written expression. It affects a significant proportion of the population with varying degrees of impact from person to person. Dyslexia is associated with a distinct cognitive profile, often involving difficulties in phonological processing, verbal memory, processing speed and working memory. It is not linked to intelligence, and individuals with dyslexia can excel in many areas while still experiencing challenges with language-based tasks. Early identification and tailored support can make a meaningful difference in helping children and young people reach their full potential.

Children of primary school age may struggle with reading, spelling, and remembering sequences such as multiplication tables or the alphabet. They may mix up letters or numbers, leave out letters, or rely on visual aids to complete calculations. Some children may take longer to complete tasks, have difficulty concentrating, or find it hard to understand what they read. Despite these challenges, many children demonstrate strengths in other areas, though repeated difficulties can affect confidence and self-esteem.

For secondary school-aged children, these challenges often continue and may become more complex. Teenagers may still read slowly or inaccurately, struggle with spelling, and need instructions repeated. They may find essay planning, processing complex language, or multi-step instructions challenging. With early identification, practical strategies, and support tailored to their cognitive profile, young people with dyslexia can develop effective learning strategies, build confidence, and thrive academically and personally.